Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Tattoo Removal - How to Remove Tattoos
Tattoo Removal - How to Remove Tattoos Tattoos are meant to be permanent, so as you might imagine, they arent that easy to remove. Generally speaking, tattoo removal involves destruction or decolorization of the tattoo ink or else removal of the skin that contains the tattoo. A surgeon usually performs one of the following procedures on an out-patient basis: Laser Surgery This is the most common procedure because it is bloodless and produces few side effects. Laser light is used to break up or decolorize the pigment molecules. The color of the laser light depends, to some extent, on the color of the tattoo. Multiple treatments may be required. Effectiveness depends on several factors, including the chemical nature of the tattoo ink. Dermabrasion The doctor abrades or sands away the top layers of the skin to expose the tattoo and remove the ink. Some discoloration or scarring may result. Incomplete tattoo removal may result if the tattoos were inked deeply into the skin. Surgical Excision The doctor essentially cuts out the portion of tattooed skin and stitches the skin back together. This treatment is appropriate for small tattoos. A raised scar may result at the site of the stitches. Tattoo Ink Recipes | Tattoo Ink Chemistry
Saturday, November 23, 2019
The Science of Curing Grey Hair
The Science of Curing Grey Hair The current cures for gray hair range from the truly promising to being downright snake oil in nature. The products and procedures that are for real are based on real science and recent research on the causes of gray hair. So recent, that as of this writing any real solutions for reversing gray hair are still pending, however, they are definitely in the works to manifest for the consumer during the next few years. What Causes Grey Hair Each individual hair follicle has pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. As the hair strand is being formed, the melanocytes cells inject pigment (melanin) into cells containing keratin, the protein structures that makes up our hair follicles, skin, and nails. Throughout our lifetime, our melanocytes continue to inject pigment into our hairs keratin, giving it color, however, after a certain amount of years of producing, our melanocytes go on strike so to speak and stop making as much melanin which causes grey hair, or make no melanin at all which causes white hair. When you ask a scientist why this happens, the common answer given us is usually genetics, that our genes regulate the predestined exhaustion of the pigmentation potential of each individual hair follicle. However, there is a more in-depth explanation about what happens when our hair turns gray or white, and understanding the science behind that is leading to innovations that will change the inevitability of having to put up with a loss of hair color. Stem Cell Research: Reversing Grey Hair In 2005, Harvard scientists were the first to propose that a failure of melanocyte stem cells to maintain the production of melanocytes caused the graying of hair. They were correct, and other scientists have expanded on their research. The simplified definition of a stem cell is a cell whose job is to make more cells. Stem cells repair and build our bodies. As explained above in this article, two different types of cell production occur when our bodies produce a non-grey strand of hair. The melanocytes stem ââ¬â¹cells produce the hair color, and other stem cells produce the hair follicle. Scientists have researched this coordinated production between the two different stem cell types, and have discovered a signaling protein called Wnt. Think of Wnt as a type of work foreman that oversees the production of hair and tells each different stem cell type how fast to work. Wnt has everything to do with why our hair turns gray. When our melanocytes stem cells do not have enough Wnt protein, they do not get the signal to produce hair color. Professor Mayumi and a team of researchers at the New York University Medical Center have successfully restored hair color in mice by manipulating the Wnt signaling proteins. Mayumi is confident that the research will lead to solutions of melanocyte related issues both serious and cosmetic in humans, including skin diseases such as melanoma, and of course gray hair. Researchers at the Tokyo University of Science, have also experimented with stem cells in attempts to regrow hair and restore color. The researchers injected a bald and otherwise colorless mouse with stem cells from live hair follicles and were able to grow dark tufts of hair on the injection site. The research is intended to lead to solutions for both baldness and gray hair in humans. LOreal Research: Preventing Grey Hair Doctor Bruno Bernard is the head of hair biology at LOreal in Paris. LOreal, a company known for hair and beauty products, is currently supporting research into innovative methods of preventing hair from turning gray. Bernard and his team have been studying the melanocyte stem cells found in our skin that are responsible for making skin the pigment that it is. The researchers wanted to know why our skin doesnt turn gray with age but our hair does. They discovered an enzyme called TRP-2 that is present in our skin stem cells but is missing in our hair follicle stem cells. They observed that TRP-2 helped protect the melanocyte stem cells in skin from damage, and so helped those stem cells to last longer and function better. The TRP-2 enzyme provided an advantage to our skin cells that the cells involved with hair production do not have. LOreal intends to innovate a topical treatment, such as a shampoo for hair, that will replicate the effect of the TRP-2 enzyme and give the melanocyte stem cells in hair follicles the same advantage that skin stem cells have, thereby preventing and delaying gray hair from happening in the first place. The End of Grey Hair The majority of all people, over three-quarters of the population, will have some gray hair by the age of fifty. Surprisingly, one in ten people over the age of sixty still have no gray hair. For those of us who just dont want the look, hair dye to cover the gray has always been the only option, if you exclude hats. Viable alternatives may be on the horizon.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Sandinismo and Sandino, and the legacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Sandinismo and Sandino, and the legacy - Essay Example Peron was a staunch admirer of Mussolini. For ex-Nazis, Argentina was a place of exile. Some compare it to Gaullism in France. Was it a left-wing force? Was it a right-wing sympathizer? Was it a conservative movement? It baffles definition. Working class of Argentina loved Peron and he was disliked by the national bourgeoisie. Catholic Montoneros supported Peron. In the 1960-70s it was identified as a conservative movement. Peronism survived and influenced in the confusing political situation in Argentina. Peter Winn writes, ââ¬Å"When the aging Caudillo died in 1974, Argentina was so polarized between the Peronist left and right that its fragile democracy soon descended into a vortex of violence that culminated in a military coup two years later and a ââ¬Å"dirty warâ⬠in which some thirty thousand were ââ¬Å"disappearedâ⬠making Argentina notorious for its violations of human Peron andâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..2 rights.â⬠(157) Person himself lived in exile in Franqui st Spain, for 20 years and this boosted his popular support in Argentina. His absence from the active political scene of Argentina for such a long period could not contain the influence of Peronism. Thomas E. Skidmore et al. write, ââ¬Å"The sudden vacuum created by his departure was indicative neither Peron nor Peronism was finished.
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
The Almeh by Gerome and a woman in the mirror by Lautrec Term Paper
The Almeh by Gerome and a woman in the mirror by Lautrec - Term Paper Example The paper "The Almeh by Gerome and a woman in the mirror by Lautrec" analyzes a woman in the mirror by Lautrec and The Almeh by Gerome. The effect of the Middle East region is clear in this presentation as Gerome tries to present a realistic style that reveals another inclination and view towards portraying nude woman and prostitutes, a view that is not acceptable in the Arab world due to the political and cultural inclination that advocates for women decency and fundamental religious doctrine. In this painting, Gerome uses the Western inclination to present an Eastern woman through an orientalist view that more challenges how the women are viewed and the cultural background in which women find themselves chained in the model east. The exotic dancer might therefore be termed as a girl who seeks her freedom and libels against the cultural and political fundamentals to imitate the Western woman who is freer, and has more elaborate rights in deciding their day to day life. The Almeh was an experience of the eastern dancers, who excited many visitors who used to flock to the Worldââ¬â¢s Fair to see the dance that represented an extensive history of the Arab women. It was performed by a group of dancers who lived and performed In Luxor, like the dervish ceremonies that were the favorites of many travelers. This was how the dance became to be referred to as the Almeh, after the name that was given to women singers as referred to by the orientalist artists. The dancing of the Almeh drew large crowds on its exhibition.... The art is set in a dim cafe and the painting portrays a young woman dancing before an audience of soldiers. One man claps as another one leans forward. Behind the dancer, there are turbaned musicians sitting floor playing some instruments. Water pipes, guns baskets, brown stripped carpet, are well portrayed. The dancer wears loose and exposing clothes, where her abdomen and breasts are visible, while facing the viewer, and not the audience behind her. As argued above, this painting represents a libel of the Eastern moral and fundamentalism, where women are not allowed to dress in such clothing. The presence of guns might represent the force through which such a moral decadence would be confronted with and as the painting portrays, the dancer faces away from the audience in portraying a liberal attitude of moving away from the audienceââ¬â¢s fundamentalism, and looks towards he viewer who might be referred to as the westernized audience who would certainly welcome this type of dan ce, which is similar to the bellydance that was more pronounced in the western regions. On the other hand Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec Woman before a mirror, 1897 presents the same sentiments as above but in a different dimension. Dumont (8) explains that prostitutes interested Lautrec and he even decorated several brothels with portraits of its inmates. However, he was more impressed by dancers at Moulin Rouge whom he drew in several paintings. Therefore, Lautrec in his work tries to present the social evils and the morals that filled the society. The painting women before a mirror is a social reflection, in which he called upon women to reflect upon themselves, having visited several brothels and experiencing the moral decadence in such places. His painting
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Chance vs. Fate Essay Example for Free
Chance vs. Fate Essay Do you ever tried to think, what if chance and fate face a fight? Who do you think would be the winner? And who do you think would be the looser? If one people began to fight his chance and his fate,. Who do you think would make him feel happier? Is it the chance who gave him chance, or is it fate that decide his life. Maybe most of you think that chance would be the obvious winner, for more people is now wanted to take a chance than fate. But how ever what if I told you that fate is stronger than chance? What if I tell you that if you need to choose a choice between chance and fate,. I must tell you that fate is the better choice than chance. That fate can assure you that youââ¬â¢ll never regret for choosing it than chance. For fate must knew the Rightful one than chance. How? Because I had a very interesting story about chance and hope. That made me realized whatââ¬â¢s The best choice for me. And this is just happened to me a month ago before December enter the year. Since birth I have a childhood friend that became part of my life. Each and every day we are together. Those days are just passing by and our relationship as friends became more deeper and deeper that I came to the point I fall in love with him secretly. But instead of telling it into him, I decided to not mention my feelings anymore for our friendship has been gone through the years. And I donââ¬â¢t want to ruin that friendship. But fate never gives a consideration, into me. My parents decided to continue my high school at manila, together with my sister. And when my last day in our province came, I let him knew that I was leaving. That time I wanted to tell him the truth. I have the chance but I let it go. I never succeeded telling into him that I really love him. After that event I really hate fate for deciding what for my life. I do really hate it for I was such in a poor condition that time. But two years had passed. No communication for the last two years. And when I spent m y semestrial break in our province after two years, I really did see the things change. When I came back home I saw him. And flashback remains into my head. But instead of smiling into him, I pretend not to see anyone. until he said to me that he was fallen in love with me. But as hearing the soft words he had spoken I cant really imagined that all the old feelings of yesterday is now coming back faster. But of course, I remembered he was my friend. And I like him too. But what the heck? After some month I rejected him even though I loved him. And that he quits on asking. After some month December came a number texted me and ask who it was. But I was shocked It was my classmate since Iââ¬â¢m in grade six. If I remembered nothing go right with our relationship as classmate. He was my first crush during my elementary days, I remember how he always make me cry during the time. I remember how he spoke word into me in front of everybody else. I remember it all. We never had the time to speak even a little single word without fighting with each other. Until graduation we never had. And now his here and te lling me if he have the chance. Normally, I wonââ¬â¢t forgive him for the past few years for what he has done. I donââ¬â¢t want to forgive him but my heart likes to. And I canââ¬â¢t even understand of all this years, why is the feeling of long old love was coming back again? But then time gives me chance to think of. And I really found out what it has to be. That my classmate is my real one true love for that I have realized that: On our situation of my best friend, we have the very big chance but fate decide. And give me the real answer. And time gave me realization to know what is meant to be. Name: Mariflor B. Villanueva Essay no: 4 Date: December 6 2012 ââ¬Å"My Ambitionâ⬠I was young when I tell many of my ambition in life. One I must tell, I wanted to be a teacher because, I wanted to wrote on the board and make my student copy what I write. I also told my mom that I wanted to become a scientist someday because I wanted to be famous and known as a knowledgeable person. Some days, I shouted I wanted to become a business woman it because, I wanted to hold money. I wanted to be a house designer because I wanted to create my own house. I wanted to become a fashion designer it because, I want to make some gowns and wedding dress. So many to mention when I was kid. Too many ambition and many reasons why I wanted to be something like that. Imagine. When I was kid I have many dreams and ambition having some many reasons to tell. I am a dreamer girl when I was kid. But now how, I wonder so many things. I questioned all what I have said during my days of childhood. I donââ¬â¢t want to be a teacher because what I heard nowadays is just: ââ¬Å"just take education, you donââ¬â¢t have enough knowledgeâ⬠what they mean is that teachers nowadays is just not that famous now. I donââ¬â¢t wish to be scientist for I already know, I canââ¬â¢t be a knowledgeable person. I will never take the path of being a business woman because I donââ¬â¢t know math at all. I will never wish to be a house designer for I am no good at sketching a house. And most. I never imagined myself being a fashion designer for that I donâ â¬â¢t wanted anymore to take that job for I believe it wasnââ¬â¢t my future. I have nothing now. I have nothing now to say what I wanted to be in the near future. I canââ¬â¢t just imagined myself of a perfect ambition. All my dreams in my childhood days fade away and if Iââ¬â¢m a dreamer in my childhood days, now I feel I am now so useless of the community to think what I wanted. I donââ¬â¢t feel like I belong to any course I have think. Now I am just a little girl without a dream for her future. Until I accidentally broke a glass. I saw the glass shinning when it is in the sun. I imagined it as a diamond sparkling. And the idea came to my mind. How about if, I try to make it a jewellery? Like necklace? It is nice to have an own sketched necklace right? So I took the broken glass I search some metals that can be fold, and an old rope of necklace. I took some help with my uncle for chaining the pattern I did. And he well made it very nice. At the end, I was so happy it was my own crafted jewellery. Starting that day, I decided to be a jewellery designer. Not because I am inspired doing some Jewellery, or just I wanted to be famous in e veryone, but nowâ⬠¦ I suddenly realized how to have a good ambition and reason. My reason that, I wanted to became a jewellery designer someday not because of anything but I do want to become jewellery designer because, I want someday to see people wearing my designs around their neck, their arms, their finger, and such many else. I wanted to become a merely jewellery designer to see how people love my designs. That was my ambition and my reasons for why I liked to become what I am dreaming now. Name: Najeeb A. Imam Essay no: 3 Date: December 6 2012 ââ¬Å"To be the Highestâ⬠When I was young, I said to myself that I wanted to be having the highest position. Highest that No one will reach me as I am. And that I thought that to be the highest I must need to be the President of this country. To rule anyone, to make this country more successful more than any Other country. But I was wrong knowing out that to be a president youââ¬â¢re not consider as a high Person. I realized inside myself. So I change what I wanted. And now, I said to be the highest I need to be a successful doctor. Because doctor saves life. Doctor saves many lives of human. Without a doctor everyone will be sick and there will be more people dying. But realizing to be A doctor is not the path in a way to be the highest. But what I had realize this pass few years that To be one of the highest person, you donââ¬â¢t need to be a president, doctor, scientist, engineer or What so ever. Because I realized, to be the highest person, you must have to be a teacher for everyone. In order To be a successful man, I need to be a teacher. Because teacher is the highest position all this Time. Why teacher? Maybe youââ¬â¢re wondering my teacher? Well it because, without a teacher, There will no presidents, no engineer, no scientist, no doctor, and no one. Because to be in one Great position, you would first need to learn something. To have a knowledge in order to be a Successful man. All o the knowledge of the workers now, is well made by a great teacher. A Great teacher that lead them to the right path. A nice teacher that teach everything in to her/his Student. That is why, I decided to be someday, I wanted to be a teacher. Not just an ordinary teacher but I wanted to be the teacher of everyone. Who will teach, and lead everyone in the right path. I I wanted to be a teacher it because for me teacher is the best. For me no one would ever compare The value of a teacher to the value of other. For teacher, knows the best, teacher lead the way, a teacher whoââ¬â¢s gonna lead her/his student in The right path. A teacher that everybody loves. And if someday I will be a successful teacher I promised that I will teach the value of a teacher. Name: Najeeb A. Imam Essay no: 4 Date: December 6 2012 ââ¬Å"To writeâ⬠If you wanted to write a something, a poem, a paragraph, or an essay, how did you write freely? Do you usually, express youââ¬â¢re feeling at what you are writing? Or do you just write too Generally? If you will ask me how I write or how I wrote just like this, I would tell you that just write what You feel, and write like youâ⠬â¢re just sharing. Donââ¬â¢t be so afraid if you will commit a mistake Donââ¬â¢t be shy for its everybody face mistake. If you wanted to write nicely that you want to show The world what have written donââ¬â¢t be so afraid. Because it is not in grammar, or penmanship, Can test how really good you are in writing or expressing idea. It is not tested by how you wrote Long, or how many incredible word do you know, but definitely it is not tested on how youââ¬â¢ve Written a thousand words. To test that you are good in writing, is not based on how you wrote your essay, your poem, your Paragraph. But the real question here is thatâ⬠¦ How many people have been interested to read what you have written? How many of them Appreciate it? How many of them did tell you youââ¬â¢re writing is amazing. The question is how Many readers did you gain when you shared youââ¬â¢re essay? Are they are few? Or they are just as Many? Because in writing essay, a thousand word is not the point. A beautiful penmanship is not the Requirements here. But it is the one that commonly tested here is by how youââ¬â¢re e ssay your Poem, your paragraph, inspired other? Essay is tested by which you write the importance of your Topic. Essay depend in what is its components and substance. An essay, depends to what larger Meaning you have according to the topic. An essay depends to what it its substance. If it has a good meaning, or it just an essay that have nonsense things. If I am about to ask you, What contains your essay? Are you that willing to say that youââ¬â¢re essay is nice and meaningful? Or you will just crumpled it because you didnââ¬â¢t write at all instead you just earn some thousand Word that has no meaning at all. My dearest reader, of this essay that I wrote, I hope you all get whatââ¬â¢s my point in here. I hope That you get what I said and what I had taught you. That a real essay donââ¬â¢t contain million words Or beautiful penmanship, but a real essay is one of the great things, that no matter how short Your essay isâ⬠¦ if you have the most meaningful one then donââ¬â¢t be shy. For once again, essay is not to earn a million words but essay is for the a better meaning that Insp ire other to write some. Name: Kins Jonas Go Essay no: Date: December 6 2012 ââ¬Å"Cellphoneâ⬠As our worlds began to change to be a modern one, many have change. So many things that help Us through our daily living, electricity, transportation, and technology. It is good to think we are Now totally modern. That through the years we all now have the change. And one proof of it is the cell phone we use. Donââ¬â¢t you think the maker of cell phones is clever? Because in some other way, he/she used to invented a very interesting one. A very useful one to Us. Because without this technology maybe we are having hardships through communication. If there were no phones, can you imagine life? Well I think no right? Because our modern world Now is, full of phones. Everywhere you can see it. And maybe half of our population now is Having a phones now. Can you imagine how important phones are? Can you imagine how they are important to people Now? Students! For students like me, it is important because I used to used phones from my Daily living. Because the benefits that it gives me is very helpful to me. Very helpful that you Can call if there is emer gency. You can take communication when you miss your mom or your Dad when they are far away. Using cell phones you donââ¬â¢t worry that much with communication. So it is. Indeed phones are useful but in any other way it was harmful. Why? It because some User of phones use phones in a harmful one. They used phones for blackmails for someone, they Used phones to bully someone, they used phones to harm someone. The phones are not just safe. Because in any other way, it has a harmful effects that affect Everyone. When the phone made the user addicted so much, some possibilities may occur that a students Who use phones will destroy his path in studies. That was a negative effect to a students. Someytimes or somehow I wanted to warn everyone that one thing has a limitation. It couldnââ¬â¢t Be good forever. Like phones. Phones brings harmful and useful effect into us. Name: Kins Jonas Go Essay no: 4 Date: December 6 2012 ââ¬Å"A diaryâ⬠What is a diary? Did you ever tried to write one? How was the feeling of keeping a diary? Did you use to let everyone read it? Or do yo u just kept it secretly. A diary is something that a holds to the memories you write each and every day. A diary that Holds so many secret beyond loves, llife, and many more. A diary is something that you write Late at night. A diary is something that holds half personality of someone. And I ever tried to read one. I have already read the diary of Anne Marie Frank. A teen ager girl Who is a Jew. Do you know that at the very young age, Anne use to write diary, a diary that Touches the heart of the readers. A diary that inspired other to write one. As I open and read her diary, I thought she only wrote whatââ¬â¢s happening into her daily Life. But I was wrong finding it. Because what she had written is that the memories, of Daily events of her life. That somehow, in her life, and at the very young age, she did to kept A very interesting diary. That how I wished someday, I could just write a diary that inspire others. And if I ever Gonna start to write a diary, I would definitely write the memories I can keep forever. That I can keep until I grew old. That someday when I wrote one I swear that I can inspire everyone Who reads it. That may will listed me to the famous journalist who had left a diaries. And in order to be one of them, starting today, I will never beâ⬠¦ afraid to have wrong grammar For that I believe that everybody commits mistake like I do. And isnââ¬â¢t it were you commit Mistake there you gain a little correction? That youââ¬â¢ll learn. And I suddenly realized too that To kept a diary burdens sometimes the problems you feel deep inside. That when you donââ¬â¢t have A friend to be trust you just canââ¬â¢t help but to wrote what you have feel deep inside. That how ever you can assure the youââ¬â¢re secret is safe right?
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Patient Assessment and Diagnosis Essay -- celiac disease
Regina Geis is a ten-year old female who is diagnosed with celiac disease. No one in her immediate family has been diagnosed, including her parents and her younger sister. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease of the digestive system that is usually indicated by long-lasting inflammation in the small intestine that occurs when a protein from the plant called gluten, which is usually found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye, is consumed, resulting in an interference of absorption of nutrients from food (Calvo, Soriano del Castillo, & Vinuesa, 2012.) Regina was diagnosed with celiac disease when she was five. After she was diagnosed, she was put on a gluten-free diet. Regina was a healthy baby, toddler, and preschooler, or so her parents thought. Regina did have some unexplained incidents. When she was just a baby, there were a couple of occasions where she cried nonstop. As a toddler, Regina visited the emergency room occasionally with intense stomach aches. In addition, when she was in preschool, her parents would sometimes get a phone call from the school nurse saying, ââ¬Å"Regina has a tummy ache and wants to go home.â⬠When the doctors examined her, there was no explanation or answer to what was causing her severe stomach pain. Since Reginaââ¬â¢s incidents were very far apart from one another, her parents did not think to worry. It was not until Regina started kindergarten that she started showing symptoms characteristic of celiac disease. She was showing great fatigue and when taken to the doctor was found to have iron-deficient anemia. When further blood tests were taken, the doctors found the iron-deficient anemia to be part of a larger problem and, after more tests, formally diagnosed her with celiac disease. T... ...D: TSTGP Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) Antibodies, IgA and IgG Profile, Serum. Mayo Medical Laboratories . Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research.http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/83671 ââ¬Å"Overview.â⬠(2014). The University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center. Retrieved March 9, 2014, from Cureceliacdisease.org http://www.cureceliacdisease.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/ 09/CDCFactSheets1_Overview.pdf "Symptoms". (2014). The University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center. Retrieved March 09, 2014, from Cureceliacdisease.org.http://www.cureceliacdisease.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/ CDCFactSheets2_Symptoms.pdf "Treatment". (2014). The University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center. Retrieved March 14, 2014, from Cureceliacdisease.org.http://www.cureceliacdisease.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/ CDCFactSheets6_Treatment.pdf
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Task Switching
Running Head: Time Cost, Task-Switching, Repeating Tasks Task Switching Costââ¬â¢s Time Brooklyn College City University of New York Abstract A replication of Task Switching Monsell 2003 experiment was done, which predicts a time cost when switching tasks. 18 participants had to complete 100 randomized trials, switching between task-repeat and task-switching trials. Reaction Times (RT) were recorded and reflected by experimenters, to determine that there is a time cost involved when switching tasks as opposed to repeating the same task. Task-Switching Costs TimeMany people take pride in the fact that they can multitask. A study ââ¬Å"Task Switchingâ⬠conducted by Monsell concluded that multitasking, or switching between tasks actually costs us time. Our brain is complicated machinery, which requires a specific program for a specific task to be loaded in to our computer, the brain, to complete a task. Switching between tasks takes more time than repeating the same task. Monse ll demonstrated that when presented with one task, our brain responds faster in completing the task, rather than switching between tasks.In a task-switching experiment subjects are first pretrained on two or more simple tasks afforded by a set of stimuli. Each task requires attention to, and classification of, a different element or attribute of the stimulus or retrieval from memory or computation of a different property of the stimulus. (eg. , Monsell 2003) In the study the subjects were presented with a series of trials (eg. , Monsell 2003) and completed the task at hand on a random trial basis. The participants had to repeat the same task or switch between tasks to complete each trial.By conducting these trials the researchers tried to examine performance or brain activation on and following trials when the task changes for evidence of extra processing demands that are associated with the need to reconfigure task-set (eg. , Monsell 2003) The study concluded our brain requires a à ¢â¬Å"task-set reconfigurationâ⬠a sort of mental ââ¬Å"gear changingâ⬠(eg. , Monsell 2003) In prospective this means that our brain loads a different program every time we need to complete a separate task.When switching between tasks our brain goes between two different programs one for example for counting and one for reading, therefore costing us time to switch between these two tasks. In this experiment we tried to replicate the Monsell 2003 Task Switching experiment. 18 Participants took a brief task-switching test via program Revolution Makerà ©. Each trial was randomly assigned. The participants were presented with numbers one through nine and on each trial had to react to the number, to identify either its odd or even or if the magnitude was either less than 5 or more than 5.We hypothesis that when individuals are engaged in a cognitive task there is a time cost that occurs when asked to switch between tasks as opposed to repeating tasks. Methods Participants: 1 8 undergraduate students from Brooklyn College participated in this study. Materials: A task switching experiment designed on the computer program Revolution Makerà © Procedure: Participants were led to an isolated lab room were they participated in a task-switching experiment. They were involved in 2 tasks a magnitude test and an odd even task.There was 100 randomly assigned trials 50% task-switch and 50% task-repeat that were completed by the participants. There were different type keys presented to the participants such as: z for an odd number, x for an even number, m for a number (>) than 5, and n for a number (
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